# Fabrica Trust Agreement

This Trust Agreement (this "**Agreement**") is entered into by the Grantor through the creation of a Property Token. The identifying information of this trust (the "**Trust**") may be found in the Property Token to which this Agreement is attached.

### Recitals

- Whereas blockchain Smart Contracts provide a secure and interoperable way of representing ownership of digital assets through the use of an electronic ledger to immutably track, document, and verify all transactions. As a consequence, new systems and methods are emerging to store, interact with, and transact on real and digital assets.
- Whereas the grantor wants to link ownership of real property to a Property Token so as to benefit from digital operations and services.
- Whereas on issuance of the Property Token, the grantor will attach this Agreement to the Property Token, and intends for this Agreement to act as the operating agreement of the entity holding the Property. For the purposes of interoperability and standardization, the grantor and any subsequent party to this agreement intend to keep all the identifying information of this Agreement stored in the Property Token to which this contract has been attached. All the operations, definitions, and procedures related to the Property Token and the Trust will be stored in this Agreement.
- Whereas the purpose and design of this Trust allow the beneficiary to use blockchain technology to facilitate transfer and utilization of property ownership. To the extent provided in this Agreement, the trustee's power and authority to deal with the Property are subject to the direction of the beneficiary, who holds all economic and beneficial rights to the Property. The beneficiary (who may change from time to time and is at all times defined as the party presently holding ultimate control over the Property Token) is entitled to income, maintains the sole right of termination, and is treated as the owner of the Property for all federal, state, and local tax purposes.
- Whereas the parties intend to treat all valid operations done via blockchain on the Property Token as final, with the same force and effect as a fully executed agreement. Further, the parties intend to treat digital signatures with the same legal consequence as wet signatures.
- Now, therefore, in consideration of the agreements and obligations set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:

### 1. Trust Purpose ###

1. The purpose of the Trust is to create a legally enforceable link such that ownership of the Property Token determines ownership of the Property, so as to allow for time-efficient, cost-effective, accurate, and secure ownership, transfer, use, and enjoyment of real property title in the digital environment (the "**Trust Purpose**"). 
2. On creation, the Trust will take and hold title to the Property, and ownership of the Trust will be represented by ownership of the Property Token. Regardless of the sale, hypothecation, or other transfer of the Property Token, title to the Property will remain in the Trust until such time as the then-present Beneficiary (or another authorized party) distributes the Property out of the Trust. In order to facilitate the Trust Purpose, the Trustee and Beneficiary agree that no deed or other agreement transferring the Property out of the Trust will be valid unless the Beneficiary has first ensured that the Property Token has been successfully locked or destroyed (Burned).
3. Subject to **Sections 6 and 7**, the owner(s) of the Account holding the Property Token shall be the Beneficiary of the Trust, and have the right to appoint the Trustee. All rights and obligations in this agreement shall at all times be linked to the owner of the Property Token, such that rightful possession of the Property Token gives the holder full and total beneficial ownership.

### 2. Definitions ###

1. **Account** means an Address owned by a person(s) or entity(ies) and controlled through a private key(s).
2. **Address** means a public key address on a Blockchain Network.
3. **Beneficiary** means the individual or entity that is in control of the most recent Account owning the Property Token. In the event the Property Token has not yet been minted, or has been minted but has not yet been owned by any Account, the Beneficiary shall be the original Grantor. In the event ownership of the Property Token is fractionalized (as discussed further in **Sections 6.1. and 7.3.**), then the defined term Beneficiary as used in this Agreement shall apply to the various owners of the Property Token as a group.
4. **Blockchain Network** means the blockchain network and the consensus blockchain for such network used to maintain records of ownership and management of the Property Token to which this Agreement is attached. The relevant blockchain network may change due to actions of the Beneficiary, including the wrapping of the Property Token to a different blockchain network or the minting of the Property Token on a different blockchain network.
5. **Burn** is the result of a Confirmed Transaction of the `burn` or `burnBatch` functions on the Token Contract that results in the removal of the association between a Token ID and an Address, effectively locking the Property Token. In the event the Property Token has been wrapped, or transferred, to an alternative Blockchain Network, it may be required to unwrap, or transfer back, the Property Token to the original Blockchain Network to Burn the Property Token. Depending on which Blockchain Network the Property Token was minted, the function name or process may be different, but Burning such token shall refer to effectively locking the Property Token so that it becomes untransferrable forever into the future.
6. **Confirmed Transaction** means a transaction that has been recorded on the Blockchain Network which is considered "finalized." A transaction on Ethereum is considered finalized when that transaction becomes part of a block on the chain with a supermajority link between two checkpoint blocks. Other Blockchain Networks maintain similar or different definitions of Confirmed Transactions that should be adhered to in the event of the transfer or minting of the Property Token on an alternative Blockchain Network aside from Ethereum.
7. **Contract Account** means an Address controlled by a Smart Contract.
8. **Creation Date** means the date and time at which the Trust was created by the Grantor.
9. **Ethereum** means the Ethereum mainnet and the consensus blockchain for such mainnet (networkID:1, chainID:1) as recognized by the official Go Ethereum Client implemented at https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum as of the Creation Date.
10. **Grantor** is the individual or entity who creates the Trust and grants the Property to the Trust.
11. **Mint** means a Confirmed Transaction `mint()` or `mintBatch()` function on the Token Contract that results in the association of a Token ID to an Address.
12. **ERC-1155 Token (Token)** means a digital asset developed based on the ERC-1155 multi-asset standard, and tracked by the Token Contract on the Blockchain Network with a unique identification code (Token ID). In the event the Property Token to which this Agreement is attached references an alternative Blockchain Network, such Property Token may follow a different Token standard, or utilize a different definition of Token.
13. **Property** is the bundle of rights identified in the legal description stored in the Token Metadata under the fields `definition.claim` and `definition.offchainRegistrar`. The Property so described is the bundle of rights which is to be deeded into the Trust and held throughout the life of the Trust.
14. **Property Token** means a Token issued using the Token Contract. In this case, such Property Token should be assumed to reference the token and standard on the Blockchain Network on which that Property Token is tracked. In the event a Property Token is wrapped, or transferred, to an alternative Blockchain Network, the Property Token will reference the ultimate controlling interest Token at any present moment.
15. **Smart Contract** means the bytecode deployed on a specific Blockchain Network Address which acts as a program to execute and run a series of processes or interactions.
16. **Token Contract** means the Smart Contract used to maintain records of ownership and management of the Property Token to which this Agreement is attached.
17. **Token ID** means the unique and immutable identifier determined on Trust creation and assigned to the corresponding Property Token. The Token ID is generated based on the digital signature of multiple fields from the Token Metadata, including the precise language of this Agreement.
18. **Token Metadata** means the data directly stored within the Property Token as well as external data stored on IPFS (or similar immutable storage system) and linked within the Property Token itself (using the fields `definition` and `configuration`). These will always include Token ID, Trust Name (stored as `definition.holdingEntity`), and Property legal description (`definition.claim`). Other additional information may be included to simplify property identification, verify past ownership and other activities. Alternative Blockchain Networks may utilize different data configurations or definitions.
19. **Transfer** means any operation performed through the Token Contract that assigns the Property Token to a new non-null Address.
20. **Trustee** means the individual or entity appointed by the Beneficiary as the Trustee of the Trust. At creation of the Trust, the Trustee may also be appointed by the Grantor.
21. **Trust Name** means the name of the Trust, more particularly defined in the Token Metadata (in `definition.holdingEntity`). It is recommended to encode the Token ID in the Trust Name using Base32 Crockford encoding.

### 3. Establishing the Trust

1. The process for entering into this Agreement is as follows:
   1. The Grantor, or a third party instructed by the Grantor, creates the Trust by generating a Token ID using the function `generateId` on the Token Contract;
   2. the Grantor transfers the Property into the Trust by deed, or instructs a third party owner to do so, and records the deed with the relevant authority or recorder. The deed language shall specify both the Token Contract address and the Token ID;
   3. the Grantor, or a third party instructed by the Grantor, Mints the Property Token through the Token Contract, attaching this Agreement and a copy of the conveyance deed to the Token Metadata;
   4. Upon a Confirmed Transaction, the Beneficiary will be entitled to the Owner Rights (described below). Ownership records for the Property Token will be kept by the Token Contract. 
2. The Trust is not intended to be, shall not be deemed to be, and shall not be treated as a general partnership, limited partnership, joint venture, corporation or joint stock company. Prior to a Transfer, the trust should for all purposes be considered revocable by the Grantor, up to and until the specification of a Beneficiary. At the point a Beneficiary is specified, the trust is no longer revocable by the Grantor, and the Beneficiary then retains the sole right to distribute the Property and dissolve the Trust.
3. In the event that the Property Token is minted by a Contract Account, then the Grantor shall be considered the Beneficiary of the Trust, unless otherwise specified.
4. In the event that the Property has been transferred into the Trust, but the Property Token has not yet been minted and no Beneficiary has been specified, the Grantor shall be considered the Beneficiary of the Trust, unless otherwise specified.

### 4. Transactions and Interactions with Token Contract

1. Any signature or execution made through the use of private keys on a Blockchain Network for any matters relating to the Property Token or the Trust shall be valid, sufficient, and final, as if signed in writing.
2. Any action that the Beneficiary or Trustee takes with respect to the Property or the Trust shall be invalid unless first instructed through a Confirmed Transaction on interaction with the Token Contract and under the conditions of this Agreement.

### 5. Grantor rights and representations

1. The Grantor is responsible for funding of the Property into the Trust on creation. Following funding of the Trust, the Grantor (except in his capacity as Trustee and/or Beneficiary) will have no rights regarding the Property, the Property Token, or the management of the Trust, and will not retain any voting, director appointment, consent, approval, management, or revocation rights with respect to the Property or the Trust. Further, Grantor will not have any right to require the Beneficiary or Trustee to consult with Grantor with respect to the exercise of such rights and neither the Beneficiary nor the Trustee is required to consult with Grantor with respect to such rights, and the Grantor will have no right to remove or to replace the Beneficiary or Trustee. For purposes of this Agreement, the Trust is not deemed to be an affiliate of Grantor or of any of Grantor’s affiliates.
2. Immediately prior to Grantor’s conveyance of the Property into the Trust, Grantor represents and warrants:
   1. That Grantor has the full right, power, and authority to enter into and deliver this Agreement and to perform all covenants and agreements of Grantor hereunder.
   2. That to the best of Grantor’s knowledge at the time of creation of the Trust, Grantor owns fee simple record title to the Property as described in the Property legal description attached to the Token Metadata; or, if Grantor does not own fee simple record title to the Property, then Grantor has attached to the Token Metadata the full expression of Grantor's title interest in the Property being granted into the Trust, and a description of any other outstanding interests in the Property at the time of Trust creation.

### 6. Beneficiary Rights

1. The Beneficiary, or an authorized third party, is authorized: (1) to execute any function via the Token Contract regarding any decision made by the Beneficiary with respect to the Property Token, the Property, and the Trust, including but not limited to transfer, lease, encumbrance, fractionalization, or partial or total sale of the Property Token, transfer, lock, or utilization of the Property Token within any Contract Account, or any other legal and available activity with respect to ownership of property represented by a digital token; and, (2) to dissolve the Trust and instruct the Trustee to distribute the Property as more fully described in **Section 10**. The Beneficiary shall possess beneficial enjoyment of and from the Property, including the right of possession, right of control, right of exclusion, right of enjoyment, and right of disposition, as well as the right to transfer, lend or dispose of such, and any other rights traditionally or typically associated with property ownership, subject to the provisions of the Trust. The Beneficiary shall have the right to borrow against the Property Token. The Beneficiary is entitled to all net income and receipts from the Property regardless of source, and is responsible for any debts, taxes, or other liabilities arising out of the Property or ownership of the Property Token. All net income accrued or undistributed at the termination of any interest shall be treated as if it had accrued or been received immediately after that termination. All of the above Beneficiary rights and entitlements are referred to herein as the "**Owner Rights**."
2. The Owner Rights should be considered absolute, sole, and uncontrolled, except to the extent that such Owner Rights are in conflict with the other provisions of this Agreement.

### 7. Property Token Transfer

1. The Beneficiary may transfer the Owner Rights by transferring the Property Token to another Account through the execution of any code or function that results in the assignment of the Token ID to a different Account. On a Confirmed Transaction, the owner of that Account shall become the new beneficiary of the Trust, and will also either become the new trustee or appoint the new trustee. The Trustee shall only serve as long as the Beneficiary is the Beneficiary of the Trust, and on transfer of the Property Token, the prior trustee is replaced by the transferee trustee. 
2. Transfer of the Property Token shall effectuate the full assignment of all interests, rights, duties, liabilities, and obligations under the Trust. Therefore, use of the terms “Trustee” and “Beneficiary” within this Agreement shall reference the present interest trustee and present interest beneficiary, as such are identified by the record of the Property Token as maintained by the Token Contract. 
3. The Beneficiary may transfer the Property Token to a Contract Account, for example for the purpose of, among other things, placing the Property Token in escrow to collateralize or fractionalize the Property Token, or to wrap or bridge the Property Token to an alternative Blockchain Network. The Property Token may transfer to multiple Contract Addresses, prior to being returned to the Beneficiary’s Address or to an alternative Account. Such transfers may, but do not necessarily, cause an assignment of the Trust. Instead, the Beneficiary and Trustee will remain in their position until such time, if ever, that ownership of the Property Token transfers to an Account with a new owner, or the Beneficiary effectuates an assignment of the Owner Rights in some other fashion.
4. All identifying information about the chain of Accounts and Contract Addresses that have interacted with the Property Token as well as the present owner Account are immutably recorded on the Blockchain Network(s) on which the Property Token is maintained.

### 8. Trustee obligations, fees, and indemnification

1. The Trustee shall (the below Trustee rights and duties referred to herein as the "**Trustee Rights**"):
   1. act as the representative of the Trust at the behest of the Beneficiary, and manage the Property of the Trust consistent with the terms of this Agreement;
   2. prepare, execute, and deliver any documents related to the continued existence of the Trust as well as in connection with any transfer of the Property Token or any termination event as defined in **Section 10**;
   3. have no duty or liability to the Grantor or Beneficiary with respect to any change in value of any of the Property during the life of the Trust, nor shall the Trustee be liable to any prior or subsequent beneficiary or trustee, except to the extent such liability is created by any private agreement or by the willful actions of the Trustee; and,
   4. not be required to furnish a bond or other security in any jurisdiction for the faithful performance of its duties.

### 9. No individual ownership; Trust Proceeds

1. Title to all of the assets of the Trust shall be vested in the Trust until the Trust dissolves; provided, however, that if the applicable laws of any jurisdiction require that title to any part of the assets of the Trust be vested in a party to the Trust, then title to that part of the assets of the Trust shall be vested in the Beneficiary to the extent so required, with such vested title remaining subject, however, to the assignment and transfer provisions of **Section 7**. Ownership of the Property will remain in the Trust despite the transfer of the Property Token until such time as the Trust is dissolved.

### 10. Trust termination

1. The process for dissolving the Trust is as follows ("**Dissolution Event**"):
   1. first, the Beneficiary will Burn the Property Token by instructing the Token Contract; 
   2. second, after a Confirmed Transaction, the Beneficiary will digitally sign a deed with their private key, and instruct the Trustee to sign the deed transferring the Property and any other additional remaining Property from the Trust; and, 
   3. the Trustee will transfer the property out of the Trust.
2. In the event of any disposition involving all or part of the Property, the proceeds of such distribution, whether in the form of cash, property, digital assets, or other assets or securities, will be distributed to the Beneficiary, or any other person or entity designated by the Beneficiary to receive such distribution. In the event that dividends or distributions are paid in respect of any portion of the Trust Property, all of such dividends or distributions shall be distributed to the Beneficiary as soon as practicable following receipt of any such dividends or distributions, whether in the form of cash, property or securities.
3. Once the Trust has been fully established, as per the steps in **Section 3**, and throughout the life of the Trust, the Grantor holds no right of termination, nor is any termination subject to the life of Grantor or any decision or action taken by the Grantor.

### 11. Article 8 Opt-In 

1. The Property Token, in connection with the corresponding Owner Rights and Trustee Rights, shall constitute, and shall irrevocably remain, a "security" solely for the purposes of, within the meaning of, and governed by, (1) Article 8 of the Uniform Commercial Code (including Section 8-102(a)(xviii) thereof) as in effect from time to time in the State of California, and (2) the corresponding provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code of any other applicable jurisdiction that now or hereafter substantially includes the 1994 revisions to Article 8 thereof as adopted by the American Law Institute and the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and approved by the American Bar Association on February 14, 1995 ("**UCC Article 8**"). 
2. For the avoidance of doubt, other than in relation to UCC Article 8, the election for the Property Token and its corresponding rights to be treated as a "security" in **Section 11.1.** shall have no bearing on whether the Property Token is a security as used in any other context or regulation, nor shall it constitute an admission that the Property Token is a security for any purposes other than UCC Article 8. It is the intent of the parties that the Property Token shall not be a security for purposes of US federal securities law (including the Securities Act of 1933 and Securities Exchange Act of 1934), California securities laws, or any other applicable state, local, or foreign securities laws.

### 12. Miscellaneous

1. If any part of any provision of this Agreement or any other agreement, document, or writing given pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable under applicable law, said part shall be ineffective to the extent of such invalidity only, without in any way affecting the remaining part of said provision or the remaining provisions of this Agreement.
2. The headings of the sections and subsections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience of reference only and do not form a part or affect the meaning hereof. Wherever used herein, a pronoun in any gender shall be considered as including any other gender pronoun. References to the singular include the plural, and vice versa.
3. To the extent it is not contrary to a strong public policy of the jurisdiction, if any, having a more significant relationship to this Agreement, this Agreement, the rights and obligations of the parties hereto, and any claims and disputes relating thereto, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California (not including the choice of law rules thereof).
4. The parties to this Agreement hereby consent to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of any State or Federal Court of competent jurisdiction located within the State of California, in the County of San Francisco, in connection with any actions or proceedings arising directly or indirectly from this Agreement.